“Because of this, the sleep benefits of L‑theanine when consumed in products like chocolate or snack bars are not well studied, and their effects should not be expected to be dramatic,” says Stearns, who’s the director of the university’s Family, Adolescent, Child, and Caregiver Translational Sleep (FACCTS) Lab.

“Based on this, we concluded that formal regulatory action was not proportionate in this case. If TfL becomes aware of new information that changes the risk assessment or indicates harm to individuals, they are required to update us,” an ICO spokesperson said.

According to the lawsuit, which is led by New York, California, Oregon and Arizona, the Trump administration’s imposition of tariffs also violates the US Constitution because Congress, not the president, has the power to impose sweeping tariffs, which are taxes on imports.